Back Pain
Back pain in children and adolescents is a significant health concern that has gained increased attention in recent years. While once considered rare, research now shows it affects a substantial portion of youth – in fact, 20% of children will have experienced back pain by the time they are 18 years old. A meta-analysis published in BMC Pediatrics found that the prevalence of low back pain in children and adolescents ranges from 7% to 62.1%, with rates increasing with age. The study identified several risk factors associated with back pain in this population:
- Age (older adolescents at higher risk)
- Family history of back pain
- Prolonged sedentary activities (like sitting at a desk or computer)
- Widespread pain
- Sleep problems
But what brings it on?
The cause of back pain in kids is often multifactorial. A systematic review in The Clinical Journal of Pain highlighted several potential contributors:
Physical Factors:
- Rapid growth during adolescence
- Poor posture
- Muscle imbalances or weakness
Lifestyle Factors:
- Sedentary behavior
- High-intensity sports participation
- Improper backpack use
Psychosocial Factors:
- Stress
- Anxiety
- Depression
So what do we need to do?
When a child presents with back pain, a thorough evaluation is crucial to differentiate between benign causes and more serious underlying conditions. The European Spine Journal recommends a comprehensive approach:
- Detailed medical history
- Physical examination
- Imaging studies (when indicated)
What needs to be done?
An evidence-based guideline published in the journal Children provides recommendations for treating non-specific back pain in children and adolescents. Firstly, Conservative Management consists of providing education on proper posture and body mechanics, utilising physical or manual therapy to improve strength and flexibility, and gradually return to appropriate activities. Pharmacological Interventions such as Panadol have been found to be of limited use.
How can we prevent this from occurring?
Preventing back pain in children is crucial. A systematic review in BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies found evidence supporting regular physical activity, educating children on proper posture and ergonomics and implementing school-based back care programs There is a reason to look to prevention; research indicates that childhood back pain may have consequences extending into adulthood. A study in the European Spine Journal suggests that early intervention and proper management of back pain in youth may help reduce the risk of chronic back problems later in life.
Back pain in children and adolescents is a complex issue requiring attention from healthcare providers, educators, and parents. By understanding its prevalence, causes, and effective management strategies, we can work towards better outcomes for affected youth and potentially reduce the burden of back pain in future adult populations.
Useful Reading:
[1] Back Pain in Children and Adolescents
[2] Treatment of Unspecific Back Pain in Children and Adolescents: Results of an Evidence-Based Interdisciplinary Guideline
[3] Prevalence of low back pain in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
[4] Assessment of the Effects of Physiotherapy on Back Care and Prevention of Non-Specific Low Back Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
[5] Back Pain in Children and Adolescents
[6] The Impact of Low Back Pain on the Quality of Life of Children between 6 and 12 Years of Age
[7] Back pain in children
[8] Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part II: unclear or mixed types of back pain
[9] Incidence and factors associated with low back pain in adolescents: A prospective study